动词的 -ing形式
作主语
动词的 -ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。
n Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
n Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州要16个小时。
n It‘s nice talking with you.和你谈话很高兴。
n It‘s no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。
n There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。
作表语
动词 -ing可用来作表语。如：
n This food smells inviting.
n My favorite sport is swimming.
n Their job is cleaning the window.
作宾语
1.动词-ing形式可以用作动词、短语动词和介词的宾语。
n I warned her against driving fast.
n Jim dislikes eating chocolate.
2.有些动词和动词短语后接作宾语的非限定性动词时只能是-ing分词，常见的这类动词有：admit， acknowledge， advise， appreciate， avoid， delay， deny， dislike， enjoy， excuse， escape，
fancy， finish， forgive， face， endure， involve， give up， imagine， mention， mind， miss， pardon，
practise， require， resent， resist， suggest， recall， resist， understand等。
n The doctor advised taking more exercise.
n I suggest doing it in a different way.
3.大部分“动词+介词”短语动词，只能后接动词-ing作宾语。这些动词短语有：think of， give up， aim at， put off， insist on， persist in， be good at， do well in， can‘t help， keep on， leave
off， feel like， be tired （afraid， capable， fond） of， set about等。
以下为to作介词的短语有：be used to， object to， devote oneself to， stick to， respond to， look forward to， see to， submit to， adapt to， apply to， accede to， get to， prefer to， adjust to， owe to，
n Do you feel like having a drink？
n I prefer swimming to playing basketball.
4.有些动词既可能带-ing分词作宾语，也可以带to不定式作宾语，但在语义上却有很
大的差别。如：
⑴chance to do 碰巧去做某事
chance doing 冒险试一试做某事
⑵forget to do 忘记要去做某事
forget doing 忘记曾做过某事
⑶go on to do 接着又做另一件事
go on doing 继续做同一件事
⑷remember to do 记得要去做某事
remember doing 记得曾做过某事
⑸stop to do 停下来去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
⑹try to do 努力做某事
try doing 试一试做某事
⑺regret to do 对将要做的事表示遗憾
regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾
⑻mean to do 打算／想做某事
mean doing 意味着／意思是做某事
作宾语补语
l I found the parade quite interesting to watch.
这种用法通常用在下列几类动词中，后接宾语然后加上-ing分词，构成复合宾语结构，-ing分词充当宾补成分。
1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如：see， hear， feel， find， smell， watch， find， listen to， look at， notice， observe等。如：
n There we found him watching TV.
n I heard someone knocking at the door.
2.在有些动词（如：regard， describe， accept， think of， quote等）之后，可由as引出-ing分
词词组作宾补。如：
n They regarded the contract as being invalid. 他们认为合同无效。
n They described the child as being very clever. 他们描述这孩子非常聪明。
3.使役动词，如：set， keep， have， get， leave， catch等。如：
n Can you get my watch going again？你能使我的表再走起来吗？
n This sets me thinking. 这使我思考。
作状语
-ing分词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
Having cleaned the rooms， we began to weed the garden.（时间）
Coming into the room， she saw everybody already at their work.（时间）
Being ill， he couldn‘t go to school.（原因）
Working diligently， you will certainly succeed.（条件）
Granting the achievements to be great， there is still something to be desired.（让步）
（尽管）成绩是巨大的，（但）仍有一些要求改进的东西。
My car was caught in a traffic jam， thus causing the delay.（结果）
Traveling by train， we visited a number of cities.（方式）
Mary sat by the window of the classroom， reading a book.（伴随）
作定语
l a smiling face 笑脸
l a leading figure 领导人物
-ing分词还能构成合成词作定语，如：
l easy-going man 好说话的人
当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。
l She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.
l = She went on board the train， which was leaving for Shanghai.
l There are two roads before us， one leading to the beach， the other to the park.
l = There are two roads before us， one which leads to the beach， the other to the park.
