Major Assignment One:
from The End of Capitalism ( As We Koew It ) :
A Feminist Critique of Political Economy
资本主义的终结：关于政治经济学的女性主义批判
J.K.Gibson-Grabam
凯瑟琳·吉布森
朱莉·格雷汉姆
研读收获
The authoresses, Julie Graham and Katherine Gibson, are an economic geographer working on rethinking economic concepts in the light of feminist, poststructuralist and class process theory. They have a strong commitment to action research with communities interested in reconstituting economic practices in place.The End of Capitalism offers a critique of all 'old' Marxist orthodoxies concerning the analysis of the capitalist system. The main issues addressed in this eleven chapter volume are class, capitalism, post-Fordism, globalization, and feminist criticism. I red chapter 4: HOW DO WE GET OUT OF THIS CAPITALIST PLACE
Why does the future (not to mention the present) seem to offer no hope of escape from capitalism? Ironically, the author argues, it is not the economic discourse of the right but primarily the socialist and Marxist traditions that have constituted capitalism as large, powerful, active, expansive, penetrating, systemic, self-reproducing, dynamic, victorious, and capable of conferring identity and meaning. What this has meant for left politics is the continual deferral of anticapitalist projects of social transformation and noncapitalist initiatives of economic innovation, since these presumably would have little chance of success in the face of a predominantly or exclusively capitalist economy.
In this book J.K. Gibson-Graham explores the possibility of more enlivening modes of economic thought and action, outside and beyond the theory and practice of capitalist reproduction. Drawing on feminist and poststructuralist retheorizings of subjectivity and the body, and on anti-essentialist traces within Marxism, she takes on the many forms of capitalist representation to be found in theories of globalization, post-Fordist development, and contemporary urban space. She seeks (and finds) protean representations of capitalism not only in economic policy discourse but in the discursive practices of feminism and cultural studies and in left political practices. Challenging the vision of capitalism as necessarily and naturally hegemonic, J.K. Gibson-Graham liberates a space of economic difference, one in which a noncapitalist politics of economic invention might take root and flourish.
The witty and incisive spliced author, J.K. Gibson-Graham, has given us a superb tool for undoing the strangling grip of the ways we understand capitalism. The End of Capitalism made me feel like an iron strap was removed from my lungs. In a wave of relief, I experienced Gibson-Graham to be teaching me to breathe again outside the depleted atmosphere in which the story of Capitalism always and everywhere fills all space and time. By helping me notice again how much of the present world is not accounted for by the mega-narrative of the Monster Capital, Gibson-Graham teaches me to work more effectively toward a well-nourished and well-aerated non-capitalist economy, culture and society. Gibson-Graham knows how to see the glimmerings and hear the mutterings of non-capitalism amidst the cacophony of accounts of the ubiquitous and all-powerful Presence of Capital. This book helps feed the starving waif of a world-changing left political imagination. The End of Capitalism teaches its readers to hear and see what already exists in irreducible specificity--and to understand why it is so hard to narrate and explain these realities. The point of this controversial and risk-taking book is to learn with intellectual rigor and lusty strength how to enlarge non-capitalist worlds on the real earth.
1) 全文提纲Outline
1. Introduction
2. (feminist) knowledges of the city
3. the characters of urban space for women---- absolute and relative space
4. how to multiple urban spaces that women claim
2) 每一段落的展开方法
1. Introduction
1) Induction
2) Deduction
2. (feminist) knowledges of the city
1) Time/Space
2) Time/Space
3) Time/Space
4) Generalization
3. spatiality of women's bodies
1) Deduction
2) Generalization
4. woman as an economic actor
1) Induction
2) Deduction
5. the characters of urban space for women---- absolute and relative space
1) Deduction
2) Generalization
6. reverse the spatialized binary
1) Deduction
2) Example
3) Example
4) Generalization
7. Similar strategies of reversal
1) Example
2) Example
3) Generalization
8. how to multiple urban spaces that women claim
1) Deduction
2) Generalization
3）写作特点
This paper is a characteristic academic paper of architecture design. The characteristics of this paper are followed below:
1. The use of passive voice
2. The use of nominalization
3. The use of more tentative forms of expression.
4. The use of much present participles and past participles
5. The use of appositives in order to make people understand well
6. The avoidance of contractions
7. the use of more phrases than clauses
8. The use of many formal and specialized vocabularies
4）所有重要句型
Again, these knowledges are often based upon both the experience of women in the city and on contemporary theories of urban structure.
Confined there, as passive guardians of the womb-like oasis that offers succor to active public(male) civilians, women are rightfully out of the public gaze.
As we have already seen in the rape script which is articulated within the broader hegemonic discourse of gender, woman is differentiated from man by her passivity, her vulnerability, ultimately her vacuousness.
Within her limited field of action in the sphere of reproduction, resistance is possible - she may organize around local community and consumption issues - but the rules are made by Capital.
In this urban discourse woman is represented as an active player rather than a passive container; she is a crucial constituent of capitalist social relations, though not situated at the center of accumulation, nor cast as the subject of history.
Whether as absolute or relative space, woman is presented as fixed by, or in relation to, an Identity/Form/Being-the Phallus or Capital.
In an attempt to address women's oppression, feminists may celebrate shopping, birth, homemaking, the fecund emptiness of woman's body, the shopping mall, the suburban home, the caring and nurturing functions, the woman--space.
5）所有重要单词和对应中文
woman's body and female sexuality女性身体和女性性特征
city-domestic space家庭空间
neighborhood space邻里空间
local commercial space地方商业空间
behavioral geographic research行为地理学研究
gendered activity patterns性行为方式
social networks社会网络
theoretical spaces of consumption, reproduction and the private消费、再生产和私生活的理论空间
rape space强奸空间
rape script强奸范本
respatialixation再度空间化
lesbian space女同性恋空间
bingo space赌博空间
health spa, body building and aerobics space健康疗养空间、健美运动空间、增氧锻炼空间
nursing home space照料家庭空间
liveability 可居性
6）所有的习惯用法，包括主谓搭配、动宾搭配、形容词与名词的搭配、副词与动词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配，以及短语动词等等（如果你觉得太多，可以选择重要的）
out of the public gaze在公众的视线之外
in relation to与…相比
minister to照顾
assist sb. in doing sth. 援助
in the sphere of reproduction在再生产领域
be represented as被...描绘成
in terms of在...方面
in advance of超过
It would seem that
7) 冠词的用法，时态的用法和其它
From behavioral geographic research into gendered activity patterns and social networks a picture has been developed of women inhabiting certain spaces of the city-domestic space, neighborhood space, local commercial space, while men are more prevalent inhabitors of the central city, industrial zones and commercial areas.
As the geography of women's fear has been made visible, so has the "reality" of male sexuality and the "inevitability" of violence against women been accepted.
8）参考引用他人作品的方式
(Grosz 1994)
参考文献的写法：
References:
1. Alcorso, C. 1993 “ And I’d like to thank my wife ” : gender dynamics and the
ethnic “ family business. “ Australian Feminist Studies 17: 93-108
2. Dowling, R. 1993 Feminity, place and commodities: a retail case study. Antipode 25(4):295-319
回答问题：通过认真的阅读和研究该文章，你有何收获
空间成为一种社会控制的手段，借由清除破旧聚落、改建公园，周围土地增值、房价房租上涨，庞大的地产财富悄悄地流向城市中原来就比较富裕的一方。而搬走的贫穷老弱居民，面临的可能是就业机会的失落、邻里关系的瓦解、孤单无聊难以打法时间的生活。辛苦打拼建造、凝聚上百年发展历史的建筑与巷道空间，毁于一旦，未尝留下痕迹供后人反省学习。空间的建造，反映我们对于生活价值的想象。试问，我们要的是一个驱赶穷人与老人的城市，还是一个不同族群共处、相互学习与尊重的场所？
我们习惯于区分自我与他人，将残障者、妇女、同志、游民等族群视为非我族类 。出于不了解，进而歧视，剥夺他们的自由与生活权利。默许这些政策，其实就是谋杀多样性，不尊重他人的选择自由，而期望所有人都变成一种面貌，有着相同的生活方式。真的大家都一样了，那这个城市未免太无聊了。然而失去包容、对异己的尊重以及向异己学习的机会，那进步的可能在哪里？在妇女、老人、穷人的权益，一步一步被剥夺的时候，谁敢保证你不会变成少数，谁知道下一个权益的牺牲品不会是你！
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